资源简介

(共28张PPT)
动词的时态
I study, I strive, I succeed.
动词的时态:
是谓语动词所表示的行为、动作和状态在各种时间下的动词形式。
She works every day. We work from Monday to Friday.
He worked in Beijing last year.
She will study in America next year.
They said that they would work in China the next week.
He is playing computer games now.
They were watching TV this time yesterday.
I have lived here for 8 years.
By last month, they had finished the work.
动词的各种时态 （以work为例）
时态
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
动词的各种时态 （以work为例）
时态
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在 work/works am/is/are working has/have worked has/have been working
过去 worked was/were working had worked had been working
将来 will/shall work will/shall be working will/shall have worked will/shall have been working
过去将来 would/should work would/should be working would/should have worked would/should have been working
1.一般现在时(do/does)
(1)表示习惯性，经 常性的动作，或经常存在的状态；表述客观真理和客观存在及自然现象。常见的时间状语有： often，usually，always，sometimes，now and then, every day等。
We have meals three times a day.
我们一日三餐。(现在的习惯)
He is always ready to help others.
他总是乐于助人。(现在的状态)
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东方升起，从西边落下。
(2)少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、open、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。
The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.
Tomorrow is Wednesday.
The train for Shanghai leaves at ten in the morning.
(3)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。
I will call you as soon as I get home.
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。
2.一般过去时(did)
表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。常用的过去的时间有：yesterday, last month, two years ago等。如：
I met her in the street yesterday.
I once saw the famous star here.
They never drank wine.
I thought the film would be interesting, but it isn’t.
常用一般过去时的句型：
Why didn’t you / I think of that
I didn’t notice it.
I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.
I didn’t recognize him.
3.一般将来时(will/shall do)
（1）表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词,常与表示将来的时间状语连用:如tomorrow、next week等。
I will come back in ten minutes.
The letter will be sent tomorrow.
The rain will stop soon.
（2）表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。
I am leaving next week.
（3）be going to, be to do, be about to do也可表示将来时
be going to, will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：
be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备； 还可以表示根据某种迹象进行的推测：
They are going to build a new school there.
Look at the dark clouds in the sky. It’s going to rain.
注：be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：
If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确)
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)
shall / will表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定；will表示一种趋向或习惯动作。
We’ll die without air or water.
I’ll be 20 next year.。
be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。
A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.
be about to do sth.表示“即将，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
The plain is about to take off.飞机即将起飞。
4.过去将来时(would/should do)
表示就过去某一时间而言，将要发生的动作。
He said he would never come back again.
参照一般将来时对比：用would/should do、was / were going to do sth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。
5.现在进行时(am/is/are doing)
表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作(now)；表示现阶段，但不一定是讲话时发生着的动作(these days)；表近期特定的安排或 计划；go，come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。
He is teaching English and learning Chinese.
他正教英语和学习汉语。
They are talking with each other now.
(2)表示反复出现或习惯性动作，与always, often, constantly, continually等词连用，表示过去反复出现的动作或存在的状态，常带有不满、厌烦、抱怨或称赞等感彩 。
He is always thinking of others first.他总是先想到他人。
He is always making the same mistake.
他总是犯同一个错误。
下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。但也有少数动词可用于现在进行时态表示动作，如：
She is thinking about going to Japan.
The cook is tasting the soup to see if it is salty enough.
6.过去进行时(was/were doing)
（1）过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生的动作。
He was watching TV at 9 o'clock last night.
（2）某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。
As she was reading the newspaper，Granny fell asleep.
（3）与always, often, constantly, continually等词连用，表示过去反复出现的动作或存在的状态，常带有不满、厌烦、抱怨或称赞等感彩。
（4）用go, come, leave, arrive, stay, start等词表示过去将来的动作。
7.现在完成时(have/has done)
(1)表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结
果，着眼点在现在。通常与下列状语连用，常与时间副词already（已经） ，yet（还、已经） ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经） ，never（从不） ，before（以前）等连用；
还可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，以及介词短语连用：during / in /over the last (past) few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。
I've forgotten his telephone number.
我忘了他的电话号码了。
(2)表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能
继续延续下去的动作。常同表示一段时间的状语连用，
如so far，up to now，since，for the past (last)
few years等。
He has worked here for over twenty years.
他在这里工作已有20多年了。
Up to now，we have received no news from her.
直到现在，我们还没收到她的消息。
下列句型中常用现在完成时
It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句
This (That / It) is the first (second…)time that + 现在完成时
This (That / It) is the only … + that + 现在完成时
This (that / It) is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 现在完成时
That is the first time they have been alone together.那是他们第一次单独在一起。
8.过去完成时(had done)
(1)过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之 前完成的动作或已经存在的状态。句中常用by， before，until，when等词引导时间状语。
By the end of last year，we had built five new houses.
到去年末，我们已建了五座新房子。
I had learnt 5,000 words before I entered the university.
在我上大学前就学了5,000个单词。
(2)过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的
动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或继续持续下去。
Before he slept，he had worked for 12 hours.
他工作了12个小时才睡觉。
(3)常用于下列情况
①This/It was the first/second...time＋that从句。that
从句一般用现在完成时，
It was the third time (that) he had made the same
mistake.这是他第三次犯同样的错误。
②intend，mean，hope，want，plan，suppose，expect，
think等动词的过去完成时可用来表示一个本来打算做而实
际上没有做的事。这种用法也可表示过去未曾实现的设想
意图或希望，含有某种惋惜。
I had intended to call on you yesterday，but someone came
to see me just when I was about to leave.
我昨天本来要去看你的，但是刚要出门就有人来访。
I had meant to help you，but I was too busy at the moment.
我本想去帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。
I had thought you would come tomorrow. 我原以为你明天才来呢。
③Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had...done...when...；No sooner had...done...than...。when和than从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚……就……”。
Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down.我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。
Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tyre.
我们才刚刚动身，汽车的轮胎就漏气了。
9.现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)
现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去，并持续到现
在，并强调现在还在进行, 动作的延续性和未完成性
He has been learning English for 6 years.
(从过去某一时间开始学英语，强调到现在还在学)
It has been raining for 3 days.
(强调说话者“抱怨”的感彩)
I have been teaching in this school for two years.
I have written a letter. I have been writing a letter.
几组时态的区别：
注意几组时态的区别：
①一般过去时与现在完成时：
时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。
结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。
②过去完成时与一般过去时：
过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作（“连谓”）形式则只用一般过去时即可。
Thank you so much!
Best wishes to you!

展开更多......

收起↑