葫芦瓶鉴赏
葫芦作为道教的标志物，在清代得到了很好的继承和发扬。清高宗于御制诗第一册《方方壶神岳琼林图》中云： “嵣嵡岳麓仙人宅，琪树琼林□汉碧，金堂十二只茅蓭，笑指洪厓肩可拍，何年换骨遗方壶，偶写宿游悬圃迹，我今挂壁葫芦被当做‘无量寿葫芦’。”其又对《寰中拱瑞》中的无量寿葫芦作如此描述：“大地山河水，壶中日月长，算称无量寿，亿万化无疆，众仙可将大吉无量寿，呈献御筵者，无量寿层层迭迭似潮波。无量寿璀璨，直透宫壶，无量寿绵绵长久。”由上可见，在清代葫芦的道教神话中，强调壶天宇宙中有绵绵长久的无量寿。葫芦象征无量寿，它是福禄寿的化身，象征福寿绵长不绝。因此葫芦成为清宫很好的祝寿礼品，乾隆十六年十一月，遇皇太后六旬万寿，在所进寿礼中，有九件葫芦器，而在乾隆二十六年皇后七旬万寿时，所进葫芦器竟有近百种之多。清代葫芦形瓷器的大量出现，是清朝尊儒崇道，重文治的历史背景下产生的，是满族贵族对汉文化的吸收和附会的结果，表达了满族贵族对葫芦所折射的“福”文化的理解和狂热追求。
As a symbol of Taoism, the gourd was well inherited and carried forward in the Qing Dynasty. Qing Gaozong in the first volume of the royal poem "Fang Fang Ju Shen Qiong Lin Tu" in the cloud: Qi Shu Qionglin □ Han Bi, Jin Tang twelve Mao, smile refers to Hongya shoulder can shoot In what year, I changed the bones of the bones, and I wrote the hanging hangs. I am now a wall-mounted gourd, which is regarded as 'the lifeless hoist'." It also describes the Wuliang Shoulu in "Zhongzhong Gongrui": " The earth and the rivers and rivers, the pots and the moons are long, and they are said to have no life and longevity. The billions of people are boundless, and all the immortals can be arrogant and life-giving, and they are presented with sturdy scorpions. The layers of life are stacked like tidal waves. The pot is long and long-lasting." It can be seen from the above that in the Taoist myth of the gourd in the Qing Dynasty, it emphasizes that there is a long and long life in the pot universe. The gourd symbolizes the infinite life, it is the embodiment of Fu Lushou, symbolizing the longevity of Fushou. Therefore, the gourd has become a very good birthday gift for the Qing Dynasty. In November of the 16th year of Emperor Qianlong, there was nine pieces of gourd in the birthday of the emperor, and in the birthday of the twenty-sixth year of Emperor Qianlong, There are nearly a hundred kinds of hoists. The emergence of a large number of gourd-shaped porcelains in the Qing Dynasty was produced in the historical background of the Qing Dynasty's respect for Confucianism and Buddhism. It is the result of the absorption and attachment of the Manchu aristocracy to the Han culture, and expresses the "blessing" culture reflected by the Manchu nobles on the gourd. Understanding and fanaticism.
文中此器形作葫芦状，器腹圆鼓饱满，纤腰袅袅。外壁施以黄釉，葫芦之上下腹纹饰构图相同，均以云龙纹作为主题纹饰，细观之，则可发现上下腹之云龙纹有所不同，上腹饰有双龙，游戏于云雾之间，一龙引颈回首，前肢做探取状，灵动的肢体翻卷自然，极为生动传神。另一龙气势威猛，周身环绕祥云，交叠悬停，气韵生动，渲染匀称，愈显得神龙腾云驾雾，气势神圣不可侵犯。下半部分则饰三龙，其中两龙略同于前揭二龙，奔腾于云间，另一龙则以正面示人，前肢左右对称而舞，俯视张嘴，龙首端正威仪，绘线分明，展示了王者的霸气。近足处饰海水纹一周，器底落“大清康熙年制”六字两行篆书款。本品釉面肥润，黄釉发色典雅，纹饰笔触纤细，堪称康熙时瓷器的经典之作，殊为难得，值得保藏。
In this article, the device is shaped like a gourd, and the belly is full and full of waist and waist. The outer wall is given yellow glaze, and the lower part of the gourd is the same in the lower belly pattern. Both of them are decorated with the dragon dragon pattern as the theme. If you look at it, you can find that the upper and lower abdomen have different dragon patterns. The upper abdomen is decorated with double dragons. The game is between clouds and clouds. A dragon looks back at the neck, the forelimbs are explored, and the flexible limbs roll naturally, extremely vivid. The other dragon is powerful and powerful, surrounded by auspicious clouds, overlapping and hovering, vivid and flamboyant, and evenly rendered, the more the gods and the clouds, the sacred and inviolable. The lower part is decorated with three dragons, two of which are similar to the former two dragons, rushing in the clouds, the other dragon is showing the front, the forelimbs are symmetrical and dancing, overlooking the mouth, the dragon's head is righteous, the line is clear, Shows the domineering of the king. The water is decorated with a seaweed pattern for a week, and the bottom of the instrument is the "Da Qing Kangxi Year System" six-character two-line book. This product has a glazed surface, elegant yellow glaze, and a delicate brush stroke. It is a classic of Kangxi porcelain. It is rare and worthy of preservation.
葫芦因其独有的外形和特征，被赋予许多美好的寓意，葫芦形状似“吉”字，寓意吉祥，葫芦的谐音似“福、禄”，又是富贵的象征，代表长寿吉祥，葫芦是由圆构成的，象征着和谐美满。另外因葫芦藤蔓绵延，结子繁盛，它又被视为祈求子孙万代的吉祥物。葫芦承载着厚重的传统文化内涵，所以葫芦造型的瓷器早就登上了瓷器王国的舞台，成了我国古老陶瓷文化百花园中一道独特的风景线。
Due to its unique shape and characteristics, the gourd has been given many beautiful meanings. The shape of the gourd is like "Ji", which means auspicious. The homonym of the gourd is like "Fu, Lu", and it is a symbol of wealth, representing longevity and auspiciousness. Composed of a circle, it symbolizes harmony and happiness. In addition, because the gourd vines stretch and the knots flourish, it is regarded as the mascot for the future generations. The gourd carries a heavy traditional cultural connotation, so the porcelain of the gourd shape has already been on the stage of the porcelain kingdom and has become a unique landscape in the ancient ceramic culture garden of China.
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