XE3A9450 - 云岩寺塔 - Pagoda de Yunyan - Yunyan Pagoda, (中国苏州 - Suzhou, China)
La Pagoda de la Colina del Tigre, conocida oficialmente como Pagoda de Yunyan, que a veces se traduce por Torre de Huqiu, es una pagoda china situada en la Colina del Tigre, en la ciudad de Suzhou, provincia de Jiangsu, en el este de China. Recibe el apodo de 'La torre inclinada de China'.
Era la pagoda del antiguo Templo de Yunian. Su construcción comenzó en 907 d. C., durante el último periodo de las Cinco Dinastías, cuando el Imperio de Wuyue gobernaba Suzhou, y se completó en 961 d. C., durante la Dinastía Song.
Los pisos superiores de la pagoda se crearon durante el reinado del emperador Chongzhen (1628-1644), el último emperador de la Dinastía Ming
La Pagoda de Yunyan presenta una altura de 47 metros; tiene siete pisos y es una muestra representativa de la arquitectura octogonal. Se construyó según la estructura de la masonería, que intentaba imitar las pagodas de madera predominantes en la época.
En más de un millar de años, la pagoda se ha ido inclinando gradualmente debido al desgaste natural. Actualmente la parte de arriba difiere unos 2,32 metros de la parte de abajo. Toda la estructura pesa 7000 toneladas, que se sostiene gracias a las columnas de ladrillo internas. Sin embargo, la pagoda se inclina aproximadamente tres grados por la rotura de dos columnas de apoyo.
La pagoda se inclina porque una parte de la base es tierra, mientras que la otra es piedra. Durante 1957, se llevó a cabo un plan para estabilizar el edificio y prevenir una futura tendencia a inclinarse, mediante el cual se introdujo hormigón en la tierra para hacer una base más sólida.
Durante el proceso de reforzamiento, se encontró un ataúd de piedra con escrituras budistas. El recipiente contenía una inscripción en la que se tenía en cuenta la fecha de finalización de la pagoda como el decimoséptimo día del duodécimo mes del segundo año de la era Jianlong (961 d. C.).
La Pagoda de Yunyan ha sido designada como Máximo Lugar Nacional, Histórico y Cultural de Jiangsu. El acceso público a la parte de arriba de la torre se vetó en septiembre de 2010.
es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagoda_de_la_Colina_del_Tigre
The Tiger Hill Pagoda, more officially the Yunyan Pagoda (Chinese: 云岩寺塔; pinyin: Yún yán sì tǎ), also sometimes translated as Huqiu Tower, is a Chinese pagoda situated on Tiger Hill in Suzhou city, Jiangsu Province of Eastern China. It is nicknamed the 'Leaning Tower of China'.
The primary pagoda of the former Yunyan Temple, which was founded in 327 and rebuilt for the last time in 1871. The temple suffered damage in successive wars and most of the temple was destroyed during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Some elements of the temple such as the formal entrance, the Yunyan Pagoda, and several other buildings and smaller shrines have survived, and now stand as landmarks throughout Tiger Hill Park.
Construction of the pagoda began in 907 CE, during the later period of the Five Dynasties period, at a time when Suzhou was ruled by the Wuyue Kingdom. Construction was completed in 961 CE during the Song Dynasty.
The uppermost stories of the pagoda were built as an addition during the reign of the Chongzhen Emperor (1628–1644), the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
The Yunyan Pagoda rises to a height of 47 m (154 ft). The pagoda has seven stories and is octagonal in plan, and was built with a masonry structure designed to imitate wooden-structured pagodas prevalent at the time.
In more than a thousand years the pagoda has gradually slanted due to forces of nature. Now the top and bottom of the tower vary by 2.32 meters. The entire structure weighs some 7,000,000 kilograms (15,000,000 lb), supported by internal brick columns. However, the pagoda leans roughly 3 degrees due to the cracking of two supporting columns.
The pagoda leans because the foundation is originally half rock and the other half is on soil. In 1957, efforts were made to stabilize the pagoda and prevent further leaning. Concrete was also pumped into the soil forming a stronger foundation.
During the reinforcement process, a stone casket containing Buddhist scriptures was found. The container had an inscription noting the completion date of the pagoda as the seventeenth day of the twelfth month of the second year of the Jianlong era (961 CE).
The Yunyan Pagoda is a designated Major National Historical and Cultural Site in Jiangsu. As of September 2010, public access to the top of the tower is no longer allowed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger_Hill_Pagoda
www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/jiangsu/suzhou/tiger_...