形容词副词的比较级和最高级
一、形容词的比较等级和最高等级:
(一)形容词的比较级和最高级的构成
规则变化:
1.单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成
情况构成方式原级比较级最高级
一般情况加-er或-est new
long newer
longer
newest
longest
以e 结尾的词加-r或-st fine
late finer
later
finest
latest
以“辅音+y” 结尾的词变y为i再加-er
或-est
early
happy
earlier
happier
earliest
happies
t
重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母先双写辅音字母,
再加-er或-est
hot
thin
fat
hotter
thinner
fatter
hottest
thinnest
fattest
2.多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或most。如:原级比较级最高级useful more useful most useful
difficult more difficult most difficult delicious more delicious most delicious 【重点】
3.有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化:
原级比较级最高级
good / well better best
bad / ill worse worst
many / much more most
little less least
old older(新旧或年龄)
/elder(兄弟姐妹的长
幼关系)
oldest/ eldest
far farther(表示距离,译
为“更远”)/ further
(表示程度,译为“进一
步的”)farthest/ furthest
(二)形容词比较级的用法
1.形容词的比较级可以单独使用:
Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。
Which book is better? 哪本书更好?
2.也可以和than连用,表示两者相比,than后可以跟:
a. 名词或代词:He is older than me / I . 他年龄比我大。
b. 动名词:Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰
更刺激。
c. 从句:I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。(三)形容词比较级的修饰语
修饰形容词,副词比较级的常用修饰词有:no, a little, a bit, much, even,
still, a lot, a great deal, far, by far, rather, any等.
1)只用于修饰比较级的:much;still;even
2)既可以修饰比较级又可以修饰原级的:a little; a bit; rather 等。
3)在这些词中,其中no在修饰比较级时,在意义上否定两者,表示前者在某方面不比后者强多少.
He is no richer than Peter. 他不比彼得富裕多少.=He is as poor as Peter.
他和彼得一样穷.表示前者比后者强一点时,通常采用a little,a bit等.
The room is a bit larger than that one.这个房间比那个稍大一点. 4)表示前者比后者强很多时,通常采用much,even,still等.(still修饰形容词,副词的比较级时,可以位于
比较级之前或之后.)
He works still harder than ever. =He works harder still than ever.他比以往更加努力学习了.
5)表示前者在某方面远远地超过对方时,通常采用far,by far,a lot,a great deal等.
Matters are a lot better than ever before. 情况远远比以往好.
6)在否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中,修饰形容词,副词的比较级,只能用any 来修饰.
He can't jump any higher. 他不能跳得更高了.
Can he jump any higher? 他能跳得更高一些吗?
Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好一点了吗?
If you can jump any higher, I will give you a prize.如果你能跳得更高些,我就奖励你.
7)比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词:
My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。
典型例题:
1)---- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes,I'm fine now.
A. any well
B. any better
C. quite good
D. quite better
答案:B. any 可修饰比较级,quite修饰原级,well的比较级为better.
2)The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A.more
B.much more
C.much
D.more much
答案:C.much可修饰比较级,因此B,C都说得通,但easier本身已是比较级,不需more,因此C为正确答案。
3)If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.
A. the happiest time
B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time
D. a much happier time
答案:D。
【难点】
(四)形容词比较级的特殊用法