2011年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译(同声传译)考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2011年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解(考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效)

一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）

It is not a coincidence that the global economy is experiencing the most severe case of unemployment during the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. Unemployment is highly dependent on economic activity；in fact,growth and unemployment can be thought of as two sides of the same coin:when economic activity is high,more production happens overall,and more people are needed to produce the higher amount of goods and services.And when economic activity is low,firms cut jobs and unemployment rises.In that sense,unemployment is countercyclical,meaning that it rises when economic growth is low and vice versa.

But unemployment does not fall in lockstep with an increase in growth.It is more common for businesses to first try to recover from a downturn by having the same number of employees do more work or turn out more products—that is,to increase their productivity.Only as the recovery takes hold would businesses add workers.As a consequence,unemployment may start to come down only well after an economic recovery begins.The phenomenon works in reverse at the start of a downturn,when firms would rather reduce work hours,or impose some pay cuts before they let workers go.Unemployment starts rising only if the downturn is prolonged.Because unemployment follows growth with a delay,it is called a

lagging indicator of economic activity.(228words)

【参考译文】

自大萧条后，最严重的经济危机与最高的失业率同时显现于全球经济，这并非偶然。失业率受经济活动高度影响；事实上，二者就像一枚硬币的两面一样，紧密相连。当经济景气时，社会生产量全面增加，就需要更多的人来生产更多的商品，提供更多的服务。当经济陷入低谷，大小公司裁员，失业率继而上升。这样来讲，失业是反循环现象，即经济增长缓慢，失业率上升，经济增长迅速，失业率下降。

但失业率与经济增长率的变化幅度并非步调一致。对于企业来说，若想恢复效益，最为普遍的方法是：首先在不增加员工的情况下，生产出更多的商品，也就是，提高生产率.只有在企业效益恢复后，它们才会增加雇员。这就导致了只有在经济复苏开始后一段时间，失业率才会起步下降。反之，这一现象同样会在经济衰退时出现。经济衰退时，各个公司对待工人，宁可减时减薪，也不愿裁员。只有在经济衰退持续一段时间后，公司才会开始裁员。因此，失业率对经济活动的反应有所延迟，所以失业率也叫做经济活动的滞后指标。

二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）

Centuries ago,while Europe,Africa and the Americas were third-world poor, China was not only the most populated,wealthiest,and most sophisticated country in Asia,but on the planet.“The Travels of Marco Polo,”published in1295,told astonishing tales of enormous banquet rooms with a thousand seats,walls studded with precious stones,and consumers using paper money to purchase mass-primed books from well-stocked bookstores.In Europe,monks hand-copied books while in China thousands of bestsellers rolled off modem priming presses.China’s iron

manufacturing industry produced one hundred twenty-five thousand tons a year—an amount not equaled the West until the twentieth century.Cast iron,the crank handle,deep drilling for natural gas,the belt drive,the fishing reel,chess,matches, brandy,gunpowder,playing cards,the spinning wheel,the umbrella,and countless other inventions—such were the products of China’s inventive genius.

Europeans would eventually borrow Chinese innovations like the plow and experience an agricultural revolution.Similarly,literacy spread as the Europeans exploited paper and printing,both Chinese inventions.The European industrial revolution was built atop Chinese technology.

It seems profoundly difficult for American leaders to acknowledge some sort of cultural equivalency with the Chinese.The only Way the Chinese can succeed,such logic goes,is via underhanded,uncivilized methods.President Obama points the finger at the mandarins running the world’s second largest country,accusing them of manipulating U.S.-China trade.Yet the unspoken truth is that China is expert at doing what the president wants Americans to do:“discovering.creating and building the products that are sold all over the world.”Mr.Obama repeats the canard that China’s remarkable economic success is due to sinister currency deflation.But when the Federal Reserve recently announced it would purchase $600billion dollars of U.S.treasury securities,the German finance minister observed:“What the U.S.accuses China of doing,the U.S.A.is doing by different means…it doesn’t add up when the Americans accuse the Chinese of currency manipulation and then,with the help of their central bank’s printing presses,