注意有些名词加s和不加s表示的意义不相同.doc

1、注意有些名词加s和不加s表示的意义不相同。good（好的）-goods（货物）paper（纸）–papers（试卷；文件）wood（木头）–woods（森林）glass（玻璃）–glasses（眼镜）arm（手臂）–arms（武器）time（时间）–times（次数；时代）work（工作）–works（著作）water（水）–waters（某片水域）fish（鱼/鱼肉<不可数>）–fishes(鱼类；各种各样的鱼)people（人）–peoples（民族；人类）green（绿色的）–greens（蔬菜）look（脸色；看）–looks（面容；相貌）life（生活）-lives（生命）2、在一些形容词前加定冠词the，可以当作名词来用，表示一类人。年轻人__________老年人__________死者__________富人_________穷人_________聋人_________盲人_________thewounded__________theunemployed___________3、在姓氏前加the,姓氏后加s，表示“某某一家人”或“某某夫妇”，要看作复数形式。theSmiths（史密斯一家）theLees（李先生一家）theZhangs（张先生一家）4、在有一些动词或名词的词尾加-er、-ress、-r、-or或-ist，可以表示做这类动作的人。*listen-listen__teach-teach__sing-sing__play-play__read-read__kill-kill__help-help__own-own__learn-learn__perform-perform__clean-clean__speak-speak__report-report__wait-wait__/wait___travel-travel__bank-bank__*drive-drive__dance-dance__write-write__*swim-swim___run-run___begin-begin___babysit-babysit___*act-act__/act___collect-collect__visit-visit__invent-invent__direct-direct__sail-sail__translate-_________(doctor/author)*art-art__tour-tour__novel-novel__cycle(骑自行车)-_________violin-violin__piano-_________(dentist/scientist/optometrist)5、有一些教堂、宫殿、学院、商店等名称前有名词所有格时，后面的名词可省略。*St.Paul’s=St.Paul’sCathedral圣保罗大教堂St.James’=St.JamesPalace圣詹姆斯宫Guy’s=Guy’sHospital盖伊医院Queen’s=Queen’sCollege女王学院Johnson’s=Johnson’sShop约翰逊商店*肉店thebutcher'sshop=thebutcher's面包店thebaker'sshop=thebaker's=thebakery理发店thebarber'sshop=thebarber's裁缝店thetailor'sshop=thetailor's*去肉店___________________________去面包店___________________________去理发店___________________________去裁缝店___________________________6、名词作定语，有形容词的作用。*appletree（苹果树）fruitgarden（果园）babyfood（婴儿食品）___________鞋店__________表店__________书店_________________菜市场___________________花鸟市场moneymarket（金融市场）guestroom（客房）*今天的报纸________________昆明的街道________________十分钟的路程_______________一段十分钟的路程_______________三小时的车程_______________一段三小时的车程_______________1一小时的航程________________一段一小时的航程_______________六星期的假期________________一个六星期的假期_______________7、注意一些“百”、“千”、“百万”等词的用法。*一百个学生_______________________五百个学生_______________________数以百计的学生____________________*一千个男老师_______________________三千个男老师_______________________数以千计的男老师_______________________*一百万美元_______________________两百万美元_______________________数百万美元_______________________*几千英里 a few ______________________ 几百万英镑 several ______________________ 成百上万的人 many _______________________ 8、注意以下短语后所跟的名词。 ① plenty of + 可数名词/不可数名词 lots of / a lot of + 可数名词/不可数名词 some / any + 可数名词/不可数名词 none + 可数名词/不可数名词 all + 可数名词/不可数名词 ② a few / few + 可数名词 a (large/great) number of + 可数名词 many / how many + 可数名词 too many + 可数名词 several + 可数名词 ③ a (large/small) amount of + 不可数名词 a great deal of + 不可数名词 a little / little + 不可数名词 a bit of + 不可数名词 much / how much + 不可数名词 too much + 不可数名词 A、用a little, little, a few, few 填空。 1. The woman is a little poor. She earns(挣钱) _________ money every day. The woman is very poor. She earns(挣钱) _________ money every day. 2. --I have _________ money. Could you lend me _________? Just five dollars, will you? --Sorry. I have less than five dollars now. 3. Tom is so shy that he has __________ friends in the school. He really hopes to have _________ friends. 4. There is _________ water in the bottle, is there? 5. Thomas is not an Englishman, but he knows _________ English and he can also sing _________ English songs. 6. There is only _________ orange in the bottle. 7. There are still _________ oranges in the basket. 8. --Would you like _________ (some/any/much/many) tea? --Yes, just _________. B、用many, much, too many, too much, how many, how much 填空。 1. There are ___________ people waiting in the bus station now. 2. ___________ honey do you need to make the pancake? 3. You can get ____________ information from the Internet if you search carefully. 4. A strong wind will arrive in Kunming soon. It will bring ___________ rain. 5. --__________ kilos of beef do you want? --Three kilos, please! 2 6. --__________ are all the gifts? --Twenty dollars in all. 7. ___________ chickens do you keep on your farm? 8. ___________ chicken do you need in your bread? 9. My mother always tells me not to eat _________ junk food. She tells me that I should eat ___________ vegetables. 9、注意区别以下几组短语。 ① a number of “许多的……” 后面接可数名词，谓语动词用复数结构 = many the number of “……的数目”后面也接可数名词，谓语动词用单数结构