一般现在时-一般过去式及现在进行时知识点及练习
展开一、基本概念
一般过去时(simple past tense)表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
二、基本结构
1.肯定:主语+动词过去式+其他
2.否定形式
be动词加nt,即was/were+nt;
在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词
3. 一般疑问句: Did+主语+d+其他?
例句She ften came t help us in thse days.
I didn't knw yu were s busy.
4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
一般过去式的构成形式
肯定式、疑问式、否定式、疑问否定式
I wrked./ Did I wrk?/ I didn’t wrk./ Did I nt wrk?
He(she,it) wrked./ (改成一般疑问句) ?/ 改成否定句) ./ Did he(she,it)nt wrk?
We wrked./ 改成一般疑问句) ?/ We didn’t wrk./ (改成否定疑问句)
Yu wrked./ Did yu wrk?/ Yu did nt wrk./ (改成否定疑问句)
?
They wrked./ Did they wrk?/(改成否定句) /(改成否定疑问句) ?
三、一般过去时的用法
(1)一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去的事情。
句式:主语+过去动词+宾语+其他 如:I had a wrd with Julia this mrning.今天早晨,我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。He smked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了。
一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, nce, during the war, befre, a few days ag, when 等等。
补充内容:(句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响。
Have yu had yur lunch? 你已经吃过午饭了吗?(你现在不饿吗?) Yes, I have. 是的,我已经吃过了。(已经吃饱了,不想再吃了。)
Did yu have yur lunch? 你(以前)吃过午饭吗?
When did yu have it? 你是什么时候吃的?(关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。)
I had it abut ten minutes ag. 我大约是十分钟以前吃的。
Used t d smething 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。I used t wrk furteen hurs a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。 I ate it at 6:45。我在六点四十五分吃了。
注意:1、带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时 如:yesterday(昨天)、tw days ag…(两天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the ther day(前几天)、nce upn a time(很久以前)、 just nw(刚才)、in the ld days(过去的日子里)、befre liberatin(解放前…)、 When I was 8 years ld(当我八岁时…)
Did yu have a party the ther day? 前几天,你们开了晚会了吗?
Lei Feng was a gd sldier. 雷锋是个好战士。
在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。
(表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时。这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。)
The by pened his eyes fr a mment,lked at the captain,and then died.
那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。
表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作,常与always,never等连用。
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。 (只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。) 比较 Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella. 彼得太太老是带着伞。 (说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞) Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella. 彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。(表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦) I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。 (不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)
如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used t d(过去常常做,而现在不那样做了) He used t drink. 他过去喝酒。 (意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了) I used t take a walk in the mrning. 我过去是在早晨散步。 (意味着现在不在早晨散步了) 比较: I tk a walk in the mrning. 我曾经在早晨散过步。 (只是说明过去这一动作)
5、有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时,这一点,我们中国学生往往出错,要特别注意! I dn't knw yu were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。 (因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But nw I knw yu are here.) I think yu were ill. 我以为你病了呢。 (这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)
四、一般过去时谓语部分的构成
1. Be 动词的一般过去时态.
在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were.
构成
肯定句:主语+was (were) +表语 如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我迟到了。)
否定句:主语+was (were) +nt+表语 如:We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到)
疑问句:Was (Were) +主语+表语 如: Were yu ill yesterday? (你昨天病了吗?) 肯定回答: Yes, I was. (是的,我病了。) 否定句: N, I wasn't. (不,我没病。)
特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语 如:When were yu brn? 你是什么时候出生的?
2. 实义动词的一般过去时态
肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词d,d和 des 的过去式 did.
肯定句:主语+动词过去式+宾语 如: I went hme at nine 'clck yesterday.(我昨天九点钟回的家。)
否定句:主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语 如:I didn't g hme yesterday. (我昨天没回家。)
疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+宾语 如: Did yu g hme yesterday? (你昨天回家了吗?) 肯定回答: Yes, I did. (是的,我回了。) 否定回答:N, I didn't. (不,我没回家。)
特殊疑问句:
⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如: What did Jim d yesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Wh went t hme yesterday?
3. 助动词和情态动词过去式如下:
shall―shuld(将要)用于第一人称单数 will―wuld(将要)用于所有人称 can—culd(能,会) may―might(可以) must―must (必须) have t―had t(不得不)
助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式,后面的动词还使用原形。 如: I had t d my hmewrk yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。)
注意: “过去”的概念并不是只指如 “yesterday, last week,… ” 等,实际上“与现在对立的过去”,亦即“非现在的以前”,哪怕是“过了说话时间的几分钟之前”,只要所要表达的时间与说话时的“现在”形成对立,就必须使用一般过去时来表达。例如: He was here nly a few minutes ag. (仅仅几分钟前他还在这里。) I came hme just nw. (我刚回到家。)
六、动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, ck-cked
2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stp-stpped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式(详见书本)
现在进行时
现在进行时:现在进行时表示正在发生或进行的动作。常与nw,at the mment 等时间状语连用。其基本结构:be (is/am/are) + v-ing。
例:He is sleeping at the mment.
表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
例:I am studying in Datun High Schl.
They are wrking in a factry these days.
某些动词的现在进行时可表将来。
例:We are ging t Beijing this afternn.
The bus is cming.
表示经常、反复发生的动作,常与always,cntinually,cnstantly,frever等连用,常表示厌烦、不满和赞扬等情感。
例:He is always wrking until midnight. (赞扬)
They are frever quarrelling abut smething. (不满)
动词v-ing的构成形式
一般在动词原形末尾加-ing
wash
catch
stay
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词。先去掉e,再加-ing
make
take
give
以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这个字母,再加-ing
sit
get
begin
以ie结尾的单词,改ie为y,再加-ing
Lie
die
tie
一般过去时练习
一、写出下列动词(常考单词)的过去式
is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________
play_______ g________ make ________ des_________ dance________
wrry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________
put ______ thrw________ kick_________ pass_______ d ________
二、用be动词的适当形式填空。
1. I ______ an English teacher nw.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad t see each ther last mnth.
4. Helen and Nancy ________ gd friends.
5. The little dg _____ tw years ld this year.
6. Lk, there ________ lts f grapes here.
7. There ________ a sign n the chair n Mnday.
8. Tday _____ the secnd f June. Yesterday ______ the first f June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited.
二、句型转换。
There was a car in frnt f the huse just nw.
否定句:______________________________________________
一般疑问句:___________
肯定回答:___________
否定回答:__________
2 They played ftball in the playgrund.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑问句:___________
肯定回答:___________
否定回答:__________
三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. I ______ (watch) a cartn n Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ t z yesterday, we _____ (g) t the park.
4. ______ yu _______ (visit) yur relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite n Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. Ga Shan _______ (pull) up carrts last Natinal Day hliday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the flr yesterday, but my mther ______.
8. “What _____ she _____ (find) in the garden last mrning? ”
“She ____ (find) a beautiful butterfly.”
It ____ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday
10. We all ___ (have) a gd time last night.
He _____ (jump) high n last Sprts Day.
12. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a bk yesterday. (read)
13. He _______ ftball nw, but they _______ basketball just nw. (play)
14. Jim’s mther _________ (plant) trees just nw.
15. “_______ they ________ (sweep) the flr n Sunday? ”
“N, they _____.”
16. I _______ (watch) a cartn n Mnday.
17. We ____ (g) t schl n Sunday.
18. It ____ (be) the 2nd f Nvember yesterday. Mr White ___ (g) t his ffice by car.
20. Ga Shan ________ (put) the bk n his head a mment ag.
21. Dn’t ______ the huse. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)
22. What ____ yu ______ just nw? I _______ sme husewrk. (d)
23. They _________ (make) a kite a week ag.
24. I want t ______ apples. But my dad _______ all f them last mnth. (pick)
25. “_______ he ______ the flwers this mrning? ”
“Yes, he _____. (water)”
26. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Lk, she _____ (d) Chinese dances.
27. The students ften _________ (draw) sme pictures in the art rm.
四、句型转换
1. It was exciting.
否定句:
一般疑问句:
肯、否定回答:
2. All the students were very excited.
否定句:
一般疑问句:
肯、否定回答:
3. They were in his pcket.
否定句:
一般疑问句:
肯、否定回答:
五、对划线部分进行提问
Su Hai tk sme phts at the Sprts day.
They sang sme English sngs yesterday afternn.
3.They played ftball in the playgrund.
练习:
Never truble me while I ______ in my rm.
A.will sleep B.asleep C.am sleeping D.slept
—Hurry up! We are all waiting fr yu.
—I _____ fr an imprtant phne call. G withut me.
A.wait B.was waiting C.am waiting D.waited
—Our cuntry ______ very fast.
—Yes, I hpe she will be _____.
has changed; better and better B.is changed; better and better
C.is changing; strnger and strnger D.has changed; mre and mre strng
It's reprted that there _____ a new railway statin in Taizhu this year.
A.will have B.has C.is ging t have D.is ging t be
Listen! Sme f the girls _____ abut Harry Ptter. Let's jin them!
A.are talking B.talk C.will talk D.talked
I am busy ______ my hmewrk.
A.des B.t d C.ding D.did
—It's t ht. Wuld yu mind my _____ the windw?
—________. D it as yu like, please.
t pen; OK B.pening; Certainly nt
C.pening; Of curse D.pen; Gd idea
We culdn't help ______ after we heard the funny stry.
A.laughing B.t laugh C.laughed D.being laughed
Hw abut _______?
t g ut fr a walk B.g swimming in the river
C.visiting the sick children in the hspital D.t having lunch in the restaurant
Jenny is interested in _______ in her free time.
listened t the radi B.reading magazines
C.watch TV D.plays tennis
My mther is gd at ______ cakes.
A.t make B.making C.make D.makes
If yu practice _____ English whenever yu can, yu will sn speak well.
A.talking B.ging speak C.speaking D.t speak
I ften spent much mney _____ bks.
A.t buy B.buying C.n buying D.fr buying
Knives are used fr ______ things.
A.cutting B.being cut C.having cut D.cut
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