第1章翻译基础

第一章翻译的基本知识An Introduction to the Course of Translation

﹡Literal translation at word level:

Almond eye杏眼, moon face满月脸, a work full of sound and color有声有色的作品,heartless and brainless既没心肝又没头脑, milk the cow挤牛奶; mad cow disease; chain reaction ; bird flu; sleeping beauty睡美人; gene therapy基因疗法,Father Time时间老人, Mother nature自然之母, irony of fate 命运的嘲弄, paradise flowing with milk and honey遍地流着奶和蜜的天堂, be armed to the teeth武装到牙齿 the open door policy开放政策，the cold war 冷战，to fish in troubled waters 混水摸鱼，strike while the iron is hot 趁热打铁，at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟习语成语；He met his Waterloo.（典故）meet one's Waterloo是成语典故,由拿破仑在Waterloo遇到惨败

﹡Literal translation at sentence level:

1)Knowledge is power.知识就是力量

2)Blood is thicker than water血浓于水

3)Misfortune never comes singly.祸不单行。

4) like Constant dropping wears the stone.水滴石穿;

5)The reasons for Disney’s success are varied and numerous, but ultimately the credit belongs to one person －the man who created cartoon and built the company from nothing.

迪斯尼乐园的成功有多种因素,但是归根到底要归功于一个人,这个人发明了卡通画,白手起家,创建了这家公司.( start from scratch = set up a company from scratch )

6)Now a World Heritage Site , Stonehenge and all its surroundings remain powerful witness to the once great civilization of the Stones and Bronze Ages , between 5,000 and 3,000 years ago.

如今作为世界文化遗产,石柱圈及其周围工事依旧是五到三千年石器时代和青铜器时代伟大文明的确有力见证者.

7)The line of trees that breaks the monotony of the pavement is laden with leaves in shades of russet. 一行树木打破了人行道的单调,树上长满了深浅不一的黄褐色树叶.（如何确定名词的词义，看其周围的单词， russet ）

8)The Australian continent has many different climate zones ranging from tropical in the north , leading to subtropical and savanna, to arid deserts in the center and temperate in the south.奥洲大陆跨越许多种不同的气候带,有北部的热带,亚热带,和稀树草原,有中部干旱不毛的沙漠,还有南部的温带.

＊直译误区：Misconcepts of literal translaiton

一、否定句型中的直译误区

1. 部分否定句型，这种句型不同于汉语的思维形式。

1)I do not know both of them. 对他们俩我不是都认识。

2)All the answers are not right. 答案并非全对。

3)Every body wouldn't like it . 并不是每上人都会喜欢它。

2. 单一否定中的部分特殊句型

1）It was not until years afterwards that he heard of Semmelweis.

误：没过几年他就听到了Semmelweis的消息。

正：直到数年之后他才听到Semmelweis 的消息。

2）It is a wise man that never makes mistakes.

误：聪明人从不犯错误。（逻辑不对）

正：无论怎样聪明的人也难免犯错误。

It is a long lane that has no turings 再长的巷子也有转弯的地方。

3）We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much.

误：我们不能过高地估计现代科学的价值。

正：对现代科学的价值无论如何重视也不过分。

评析：在此结构中cannot….too…, 越。。。越，无论怎样。。。。也不过分，可以改为can hardly, scarcely, never, too ，还可以改为over +V, enough , sufficient

similar:

You cannot be too cautious.

You can hardly praise him too much

A man can never have too many friends.

Newton’s contribution to modern science can scarcely be overrated( 过高评价).

He can’t see you quick enough .

4) Jane does not work hard because she wants to earn money. 简并不是想赚钱才下力干的.

二、修辞句型中的误区

1）The girl is a dead shot.（比喻）

这位姑娘是神枪手。（不能译作"死射手"）