Lesson 54 Instinct or Cleveress? Sarah. Words and Expressions.

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1 Lesson 54 Instinct or Cleveress? Sarah

2 Words and Expressions

3 insect n. 昆虫  文章中所涉及的昆虫有：  spider 蜘蛛  wasp 黄蜂  moth 飞蛾  ant 蚂蚁  praying mantis 螳螂  beetle 甲虫  aphid 蚜虫

4  wage v. 进行（斗争）  用法： wage war (on sb/sth)  翻译：哪个国家也不想打核战争。  No country wants to wage a nuclear war.

5  contaminate v. 弄脏 = pollute  衍生词： contamination n. 污染  radioactive contamination 核污染

6  provocation n. 惹怒  翻译：只要稍一惹她, 她就大发脾气.  She loses her temper at the slightest provocation.  衍生词： provoke v. 激怒，惹怒  Eg. He was provoked by their mockery to say more than he had intended.  他受到他们嘲笑恼羞成怒, 说了一些过头的话.

7  revulsion n. 厌恶 = disgust  horde n. 群  uncanny a. 神秘的，不可思议的  an uncanny coincidence 神秘的巧合

8  erase v. 擦，抹去  用法： to erase sth from one’s memory/mind 忘却 ……

9  entranced a. 出神的  衍生词： entrance v. 使着迷，使狂喜（注意这个 单词的重音）  Eg. I was entranced by the sweetness of her voice.  我陶醉在她甜美的歌声中。  entrancing/entranced  填空： She stopped, entranced.  entrancing stories

10  sheltered adj. 伤不着的，无危险的  用法： 1. to lead a sheltered life: a life etc in which someone has been too protected by their parents from difficult or unpleasant experiences

11  2. a place that is sheltered is protected from extreme weather conditions  Eg. a sheltered valley

12  luscious a. 甘美的  cluster n. 一簇  用法： a cluster of …  underside n. 底面，下侧  用法： the underside (of sth)

13  colony n. 一群  sticky a. 粘的  scurry v. 小步跑（ to move quickly with short steps, especially because you are in a hurry ）  翻译：聚会开始前我们一直不停地忙忙碌碌。  We were scurrying about until the last minute before the party.

14  swarm v. 聚集  ingenuity n. 机灵  衍生词： ingenious a. 心灵手巧的，机灵的

15 Text

16  We have been brought up to fear insects. We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good. We continually wage war on them, for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops.

17  词组： Be brought up to do sth 从小到大做某事  Eg. The sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we stick to them all our lives.(L23)  do good/harm to 对 … 有益 / 有害  利大于弊 do more good than harm

18  They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat against our lighted windows. We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless one like moths.

19  without provocation 这里不可直译，意译 为 “ 没有理由地 ” ，即 for no reason.  Eg. He often loses his temper without provocation  他经常无故发脾气。

20  against 在这里的涵义为 “ 触 ; 碰 ; 倚 ; 靠 ; 撞等 ”(in contact with (sb/sth); into collision with)  eg. He was leaning against a tree. 他倚着一棵树.  The rain beat against the car windscreen. 雨点 打在汽车挡风玻璃上.

21  to be in dread of: to be continuously very afraid of  这里 dread 作名词， be in dread of 即等于作 动词的 dread 之用。

22  Reading about them increases our understanding without dispelling our fears. Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch.

23  No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung.

24  这里的 without 在翻译中注意表示转折的逻辑关系， 即 ….. ，却不能 …. 、  a horde of 英语中的量词非常多，这里的 horde 即 是其中之一。  和他意义相近的量词有： army, cloud, crowd, drove, flock, host, legion, mass, mob, multitude, swarm, throng, etc

25  uncanny sense of direction 神秘的方向感  ill sense of humor 黑色幽默

26  Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase. At the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinating. We enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like the praying mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives.

27  We enjoy staring at them, entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) of our presence. Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle?

28  词组： go about 开始做某事物，处理某事物  go about one’s business 干活，做事  be/stand in awe (of sb) 对 … 充满敬畏感  bear: v. to carry  eg. They bore his body to the tomb. 他们把他的 遗体抬到墓地.  The canoe was borne along by the current. 那独 木舟顺流而下

29  Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree. The tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house. I am especially proud of it, not only because it has survived several severe winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches.

30  本文第二次出现介词 against 这一用法，尤其注意  survive: vt. 经历（某事物）幸存  eg. survive an earthquake, shipwreck 经历地震﹑ 沉船等而死里逃生  The plants may not survive the frost. 这些植物不 经冻.

31  During the summer, I noticed that the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither. Clusters of tiny insects called aphids were to be found on the underside of the leaves. They were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them.

32  be visited by 这个词组这里要根据上下文翻译成 受到 … 攻击  a colony of 量词使用，用法见上

33  I immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though it failed to get rid of the ants, kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours. I bound the base of the tree with sticky tape, making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphids. The tape was so sticky that they did not dare to cross it. For a long time. I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment. I even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction (and surprise) that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do anything about it.

34  embark on: 开始或从事 (start or engage in)  embark on a long journey 开始漫长的旅行  in bewilderment 和 with/in satisfaction 都是介词 + 抽象名词的用法，表示副词的概念。

35  I got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair. Instead, I saw that they had discovered a new route. They were climbing up the wall of the house and then on to the leaves of the tree. I realized sadly that I had been completely defeated by their ingenuity. The ants had been quick to find an answer to my thoroughly unscientific methods!

36 Homework  熟读 Lesson54  句型模仿：早在 1960 年，哈佛大学就建立了一个保护学生 利益的制度  As long ago as 1960, Howard university introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the students.  句型模仿：在哈佛，已经逐渐形成了一种完善的制度以保 护每个学生不受专横而保守的教授们的欺压。  Howard has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual student from high-handed and conservative professors.