Ethanol

Ethanol
Full structural formula of ethanol	Skeletal formula of ethanol
Ball-and-stick model of ethanol	Space-filling model of ethanol
Names
Pronunciation	/ˈɛθənɒl/
	Systematic IUPAC name ethanol
	Other names Absolute alcohol; alcohol; cologne spirit; drinking alcohol; ethylic alcohol; EtOH; ethyl alcohol; ethyl hydrate; ethyl hydroxide; ethylol; grain alcohol; hydroxyethane; methylcarbinol
Identifiers
CAS Number	64-17-5 ;
3D model ( JSmol)	Interactive image;
3DMet	B01253;
Beilstein Reference	1718733
ChEBI	CHEBI:16236 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL545 ;
ChemSpider	682 ;
DrugBank	DB00898 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.526
Gmelin Reference	787
IUPHAR/BPS	2299;
PubChem CID	702;
UNII	3K9958V90M ;
UN number	UN 1170
CompTox Dashboard ( EPA)	DTXSID9020584 ;
	SMILES CCO;
Properties
Chemical formula	C2H6O
Molar mass	46.07 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Density	0.7893 g/cm3 (at 20 °C)
Melting point	−114.14 ± 0.03 °C (−173.45 ± 0.05 °F; 159.01 ± 0.03 K)
Boiling point	78.24 ± 0.09 °C (172.83 ± 0.16 °F; 351.39 ± 0.09 K)
Solubility in water	miscible
log P	−0.18
Vapor pressure	5.95 kPa (at 20 °C)
Acidity (pKa)	15.9 (H2O), 29.8 (DMSO)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−33.60·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.3611
Viscosity	1.2 mPa·s (at 20 °C), 1.074 mPa·s (at 25 °C)
Dipole moment	1.69 D
Hazards
	3 2 0
Flash point	14 °C (Absolute)
U.S. Permissible; exposure limit (PEL)	TWA 1000 ppm (1900 mg/m3)
Related compounds
Related compounds	{{{value}}}
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol or just alcohol, is a flammable, colorless chemical compound. Its chemical formula is C₂ H₅OH, also written as C₂H₆ O. It is the active part of alcoholic drinks, which are drunk in most cultures worldwide. It is also used as a solvent because it can dissolve many other chemicals and is not very toxic. Yeast makes most of the ethanol that people use.

Ethanol fuel

Ethanol fuel can be used instead of gasoline in cars and other engines. Engines can use pure ethanol or ethanol mixed with gasoline.

In Brazil, ethanol fuel made from sugar cane provides 18 percent of the country's fuel for cars. Because of this, Brazil does not have to buy oil from other countries.^[8] To do this, Brazil cut down much of the rain forests to grow more sugar cane, which is then fermented into Ethanol.

Most cars in the U.S. can run on fuels that have of up to 10% ethanol in them. Car makers like Ford, DaimlerChrysler, and GM also make vehicles specifically designed to run on higher ethanol blends. Some of their engines can run on up to 85% ethanol (E85). By mid- 2006, there were about six million E85-compatible vehicles on U.S. roads.^[9]

Side effects in humans

References

↑ "Ethanol – Compound Summary". The PubChem Project. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 3.246. ISBN 1439855110.
↑ Ballinger P, Long FA (1960). "Acid Ionization Constants of Alcohols. II. Acidities of Some Substituted Methanols and Related Compounds1,2". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 82 (4): 795–798. doi: 10.1021/ja01489a008.
↑ Arnett EM, Venkatasubramaniam KG (1983). "Thermochemical acidities in three superbase systems". J. Org. Chem. 48 (10): 1569–1578. doi: 10.1021/jo00158a001.
↑ Lide DR, ed. (2012). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL.: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis. pp. 6–232. ISBN 9781439855126.
↑ Lide DR, ed. (2008). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (89th ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 9–55. ISBN 9781420066791.
↑ NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0262". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
↑ "America and Brazil Intersect on Ethanol". Archived from the original on 2007-09-26. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
↑ American energy: The renewable path to energy security

Other websites

US E85 refueling map Archived 2007-09-21 at the Wayback Machine
International Chemical Safety Card 0044
Molview from bluerhinos.co.uk Archived 2008-09-25 at the Wayback Machine See Ethanol in 3D (may take over a minute to load using a dial-up connection)

[Pubchem-1] "Ethanol – Compound Summary". The PubChem Project. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information.

[crc2-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 3.246. ISBN 1439855110.

[3] Ballinger P, Long FA (1960). "Acid Ionization Constants of Alcohols. II. Acidities of Some Substituted Methanols and Related Compounds1,2". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 82 (4): 795–798. doi: 10.1021/ja01489a008.

[4] Arnett EM, Venkatasubramaniam KG (1983). "Thermochemical acidities in three superbase systems". J. Org. Chem. 48 (10): 1569–1578. doi: 10.1021/jo00158a001.

[crc92-5] Lide DR, ed. (2012). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL.: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis. pp. 6–232. ISBN 9781439855126.

[crc89-6] Lide DR, ed. (2008). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (89th ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 9–55. ISBN 9781420066791.

[PGCH-7] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0262". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[8] "America and Brazil Intersect on Ethanol". Archived from the original on 2007-09-26. Retrieved 2007-06-05.

[9] American energy: The renewable path to energy security